My first wind sim had 2 Thermalright TY 143 fans, (14 cm, up to 2500 rpm), installed in front of my face. Not bad and quite silent. However, since I use VR, the headset made me feel less airflow on my face than I expected.
So I replaced these fans with 2 Delta TFC1212DE. These are industrial fans, stronger and built like a tank. This model is 12 cm only, but can run up to 5200 rpm, which translates into 252 cfm of airflow, which is a lot. It is much noisier, but with a good pair of closed circumaural headphones, you can barely hear them during gameplay.
However, now with the headset and the headphones, I still felt that the airflow was not enough for absolute realism, so I added another couple of Delta fans. I made custom stands for them, all pointing to my head.
I am using 2 controllers by SymProjects, which work great with the 4 fans and can be easily set as wind simulator or normal fans (for closed cars). I can switch between different modes and speeds from my button box.
These Delta are great, but you will have to buy some grills for them, because the blades are exposed, made of very hard plastic and spinning at thousands of rpm, so they can easily chop your fingers. I also 3D-printed front shrouds as a protection but also to focus and stengthen the airflow even more.
Bear in mind also, that these are inverted PWM fans, so you need a software than can control that or otherwise they will run full speed when the car is idle and stop at full speed of the car. SimDash, the software from Symprojects can do that. My first 2 Delta fans were inverted. When I placed my new order, I purchased 3 units, just to have a replacement, and one of them was not inverted (pretty weird). Fortunatelly, they are not expensive at all, considering how powerful and sturdy they are. I bought them from eBay (China).
Here a photo. More
here.
I don't know about really large fans which work at 220V and are also PWM, but I suppose they exist or there is a way to make normal fans work as a wind simulator. It would interesting to know. The result would be quite impressive. See for instance this professional kart simulator.